Assignments

**Page 461, question 20**

a) The albedo of the city would be less then the albedo of the forest because in the city, there are many surfaces that absorb the radiation, while the forest has few, or none at all. b) Asphalt c) Because it is black, and black absorbs the radiation better then grey or white. d) Tar e) Because like the Asphalt it absorbs the heat more


 * Page 481 # 6-15**

6) The evidence they use are fossils, tree trunks rings, layers of sediment, and glaciers 7) Certain type of plant, soil, geography and climate 8) El Nino pushes the warm water eastward and gets precipitation and El Nina pushes then west and usually dry 9) a) towards the sun: warmer b) away from the sun: colder 10) It could affect the climate because it could make it cooler, or even cause an ice age, like scientists believe happened in the past 11) It would affect it by the oceans because the warmer and coolers water couldn't flow properly, it would just flow in a big circle 12) The impact of a large meteorite hurls dust and debris into the atmosphere making everything dark and cloudy, which blocks out the sun 13) Sometimes the Earths orbit is more elliptical its orbit takes it farther from the sun making the earth cooler, and when it is more circular its orbit is closer to the sun making it warmer 14) There was less CO2 when humans weren't around 15)a) Winter or fall b) c) B d) A and C, because the sun isn't directly hitting them


 * Page 460 # 6-18**

6) a concrete road heated by the sun, because convection is the transfer heat with a fluid 7) Kelvin 8) No we aren't, we are surrounded by 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and 1% traces of other gases 9) a - stratosphere, b - troposphere 10) The atoms slow down 11) Yes it is, because temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy, and kinetic energy is part of thermal energy 12) It decreases because the gas molecules are spread farther apart 13) Because wind is created by the movement of air from an area with high pressure to an area with low pressure 14) i don't know how to put a table on!! 15) It differs because it deflects winds to the right in the northern hemisphere and deflects winds to the left in the southern 16) It changes because some places (snow covered areas) reflect more radiation then a forest because the forest has less ground cover 17) They both can form over water and land, a tornado is when high altitude winds meet thunderstorms, and hurricanes are when there is an exchange of thermal energy in the tropics 18) a) northeast b) because there is a stationary front c) rain


 * Page 537 # 15**

15) a) Composite b) Rift c) Shield


 * Page 538 #12 - 21**

12) continental drift theory 13)a) convergent boundary b) divergent boundary c) transform boundary 14)